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normal section

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normal section 【數學】正截面，正截口；【機械工程】正斷面。

【數學】正截面，正截口；【機械工程】正斷面。 “normal“ 中文翻譯：   adj. 1.正常的，平常的，普通的；平均的。 2.正規 ...“section“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1. (外科、解剖的)切斷；切割；切開。 2.【外 ...“normal cross section“ 中文翻譯：   標準剖面; 橫斷面，正剖面，正截面; 正常剖面; 正斷面; 正橫斷面; 正剖面“normal cross-section“ 中文翻譯：   正常截面; 正斷面; 正剖面“normal crown section“ 中文翻譯：   正常路拱路段“normal section azimuth“ 中文翻譯：   法截面方位角; 法向截面方位角“principal normal section“ 中文翻譯：   主正截面“radius of curvature in a normal section“ 中文翻譯：   法截弧曲率半徑“wing section normal-force coefficient“ 中文翻譯：   翼型法向力系數“normal“ 中文翻譯：   adj. 1.正常的，平常的，普通的；平均的。 2.正規的，標準的，額定的，規定的。 3.智力正常的，精神健全的。 4.【化學】正(鏈)的；中性的；規度的；當量的；【物理學】簡正的；【幾】垂直的；正交的；法線的；中性的。 5.【生物學】不受感染的。 6.【經濟學】按成品最高成本定價的。 n. 1.常態，正常；(人體的)正常溫度；平溫；平均；標準。 2.【幾】法線，垂直(線)。 3.【物理學】平均量； 【化學】當量。 off normal 離位，不正常。 “normal in“ 中文翻譯：   普通旋轉速度脫水“normal to“ 中文翻譯：   垂直于……“not normal“ 中文翻譯：   失常的“a a section“ 中文翻譯：   a-a剖面“a-a section“ 中文翻譯：   a-a剖面“in this section“ 中文翻譯：   本節內容; 在這部分“s section“ 中文翻譯：   文件科“section“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1. (外科、解剖的)切斷；切割；切開。 2.【外科】切片，【金相】磨石。 3.(果子的)瓣。 4.【數學】截口。 5.截面(圖)；剖面(圖)；斷面(圖)。 6.段；斷片；部分。 7.部件；零件。 8.部門；部；處；科；組；股；【工業】工段。 9.木材的切口。 10.(文章等的)節[段落]；(條文等的)款；條；項。 11.輪廓。 12.【音樂】(樂隊的)樂器組。 13.(團體的)派；黨；(社會的)階層；界。 14.區域；地段；分區；區劃。 15.【礦物】采區；【生物學】派；亞屬。 16.(鐵路的)區間。 17.〔美國〕一平方英里的面積。 18.【軍事】班；(炮兵)排；〔英國〕小隊；〔美國〕小分隊。 a vertical section 縱斷面。 a cross [transverse] section 橫斷面。 a horizontal section 水平斷面。 an oblique section 斜斷面。 a microscopic section (顯微鏡檢查用的)切片。 an accounts section 會計科。 a section leader 【軍事】班長；(炮兵)排長。 build in sections 分段制造。 convey in sections 拆開搬運。 vt. 解，拆(船等)；把…分(成)節[段、組]，區分；作截面圖；(做顯微鏡檢查用)將…切(成)片。 body section 機身；床身。 “t section“ 中文翻譯：   t 形部分; t 字鋼; t形部分; t字鋼“t-section“ 中文翻譯：   t型截面; t形斷面, 丁字斷面; t形鋼; t形截面; 丁字剖面; 丁字形截面“t-section t“ 中文翻譯：   形所面“section by section“ 中文翻譯：   節進; 一段一段的“seismic section cross section section“ 中文翻譯：   地震斷面“normal population normal universe“ 中文翻譯：   正態母集團“normal practice; normal course“ 中文翻譯：   常軌

normal spectrum

Normal section linear diagram of two gears “ surfaces , which is on the arbitrary section , has also been protracted . the writing validated the correctness of the mathematical model and experimenting on contact region of spiral helical gear ' s surface validates theoretical analysis 利用計算機模擬了兩齒面在三維空間中接觸的情景；描繪了三維空間中相對速度的大小及方向；繪制了任意法截面上兩齒面法截線的圖形。對螺旋齒輪齒面接觸區進行了實驗研究，驗證了本文中數學模型及理論分析的正確性。

The effects to beam for its normal section flexural capacity and rigidity and ductibility as well as other properties is discussed with different polypropylene fiber and different concrete strength by the bending test study herein on the reinforced concrete beams and the polypropylene fiber reinforced beams 本文通過對摻聚丙烯纖維砼配筋梁的試驗研究，分析討論了單筋矩形截面梁配筋率相同時，分別考慮聚丙烯纖維摻量和混凝土強度等級等因素對梁的正截面承載力、剛度及延性等幾個方面的影響。

5 ) based on test results and going by ultimate balance theory , the paper drew anti - shear formula of the wall under eccentric loads , and discussed the main factors which influenced its anti - shear bearing capacity . 6 ) based on plain section assumption , the paper studied the normal section bearing capacity of the wall . stress , strain and deformation computation was combined to establish bearing capacity formulas for the normal section under moment , unaxial loads and axial loads respectively 6 )以應變平截面假定為基礎，對密肋復合墻體正截面極限承載力進行研究，即將墻體從初始受荷到正截面極限狀態的各階段的應力、內力及變形計算貫通起來，建立了墻體正截面壓彎、拉彎承載力實用計算公式和軸心承載力計算公式。

The paper studied tests on three epiboly profiled bar concrete beams , bearing capacity of normal section , stiffness and behavior of cracks , and put forward formulas as advise . based on extant nonlinear concrete theory , a fem model was built by ansys program . the results of fem analysis was verified by tests data . some parameters in fem model were changed to build different models and the analysis results were compared with the advised formulas 本文通過三根外包型鋼混凝土梁試驗，研究了其正截面承載能力、剛度以及裂縫方面的性質，并提出了一些相關建議公式。同時在現有混凝土非線性分析理論的基礎上，采用ansys有限元分析程序建立了外包型鋼混凝土梁的有限元模型，結合試驗數據對模型進行了驗證，另外還改變了一些參數建立了有限元模型，并和建議公式的結果進行了對比。

As soon as the normal section cracks , the crack firstly appears in the flexural region . at this moment , the load - deflection curve has a turning point . with the increase of the load , the rigidity of the beam decreases compared with that before cracking because of the development of cracks in flexural region , and the formation and development of diagonal cracks toward the loading point , the load - deflection curve is basically linear till the beam fails 正截面開裂前，荷載撓度曲線基本為線性，截面剛度較大；正截面開裂時，裂縫先在純彎段出現，荷載撓度曲線出現轉折點，隨著荷載的增加，純彎段正裂縫的發展以及剪跨段斜裂縫的產生并向梁的受壓區加荷點發展，使梁的剛度較截面開裂前減少，荷載撓度曲線也基本為線性直到梁破壞。

Abstract : on the basis of the concept of combination of action effects of modem prestressed concrete structures proposed by the authors , the ultimate limit states design proposals of normal section of prestressed concrete structures considering the effects of secondary moment and secondary axial force are presented in the paper 文摘:在作者提出的現代預應力混凝土結構設計荷載效應組合建議的基礎上，給出了合理考慮次彎矩和次軸力影響的各類預應力混凝土結構正截面極限強度設計計算建議。

During 20 years operating , ncp has great change because of the erosion and sediment , specially the cross section enlarged , generally width enlarged 5 - 6 meters than normal section . the maximal exceeded more than 20 meters . for a multi - purpose conveyance project , the conduit capacity is a most important factor 北引工程運行20余年來，渠道發生了很大的變化，主要表現在渠道的縱橫方向都發生了沖淤變形，特別是渠道橫向上的擴寬非常嚴重，一般沖寬了5 6m ，嚴重處有超過20m者。

The bearing capacity of normal section of the composite panels may be calculated according to the assumed limit state based on the modified normal sections while the deformation of the composite panels may be corrected according to the calculations made in line with the prevailing steel structure design codes and by taking into consideration the influence of the interfacial slipping motions 組合板的正截面承載力可按基于修正平截面假定的極限狀態計算；組合板的變形，可在按現行鋼結構設計規范計算的基礎上，加上考慮界面滑移影響的附加變形值予以修正。

At last , by learning and making use of formulas of the bearing capacity of normal section and short - dated rigidity in some domestic and overseas concrete construction standard and technological research achievements , the calculation formulas are proposed . it was analyzed and validated by the nonlinear finite element program - ansys 最后，通過學習和借鑒國內外混凝土結構規范中有關鋼筋混凝土梁正截面強度和剛度的計算公式，以及國內外的科研成果，本文提出了采用這種加固方法加固的受彎構件的正截面承載力和短期剛度的計算公式。

In consideration of the principle in which all of the prestressed concrete members in a same structure have to satisfy the two types of limit state , the design method on normal section of prestressed concrete members in statically indeterminate structures , taking account of the effect of the prestressing process , is presented to avoid the shortage in design method of post - tensioned bonded concrete frame structures at present 本文針對現行超靜定預應力混凝土框架結構設計方法還存在的一些問題，在前人的基礎之上對現行超靜定預應力混凝土結構設計方法加以分析和研究，提出了一種超靜定預應力混凝土結構構件正截面設計的單位面積法。

On the basis of the concept of combination of action effects of modem prestressed concrete structures proposed by the authors , the ultimate limit states design proposals of normal section of prestressed concrete structures considering the effects of secondary moment and secondary axial force are presented in the paper 在作者提出的現代預應力混凝土結構設計荷載效應組合建議的基礎上，給出了合理考慮次彎矩和次軸力影響的各類預應力混凝土結構正截面極限強度設計計算建議。

Abstract : experimental researches on normal section ultimate fle xural strength of prestressed reverse - rib - slab with excessive steel bar were m ade , and according to chinese norm ( gbj10 - 89 ) and american norm ( aci ) in which s train harmony analysis method was adopted , its ultimate strength was calculated , these make us further realizse the ultimate flexural strength of prestressed r everse - rib - slab with excessive steel bar 文摘:通過疊合結構中預應力超筋倒肋薄板正截面極限承載力的試驗研究，分別采用規范gbj10 - 89中的受彎構件、偏心受壓構件的計算公式及美國aci規范中的應變協調分析方法計算了極限承載力，從而更清楚地認識了配有高強鋼絲的超筋倒肋板的極限承載力計算問題。

Then the area of ordinary steel bar may be calculated with the equation of ultimate bending capacity on normal sections and structures in detail . the method avoids the problems of the secondary internal force produced by the prestress and the troublesome “ passive design “ . the method makes design more simple , reasonable and economical , the new design mode of prestressed concrete structures in statically indeterminate structures is improved 該方法以預應力混凝土結構中所有預應力混凝土構件同時滿足兩類極限狀態為設計原則，從整體上考慮了以結構中每一預應力混凝土構件滿足使用性能為要求聯立方程，確定預應力筋，再利用正截面承載力計算公式和構造要求確定非預應力筋。

Based on the tests , the advised formula of normal section bearing capacity and inclined section bearing capacity of high strengthen concrete frame columns are put forward , and the limit of axial compressive ratio and the minimum stirrup ratio in the encrypted region which meet ductility requirement to c60 concrete frame columns are given 在試驗研究的基礎上，提出高強混凝土框架柱正截面和斜截面承載力計算的建議公式，且給出了滿足延性要求的c60混凝土框架柱軸壓比限值和箍筋加密區箍筋的最小體積配箍率。

According to the load behavior and defection degrees of existed reinforced concrete bridge , the calculating modeles for normal section strength and bearing capacity for reinforced concrete bridge are established by the elasticity analysis and nonlinear analysis of grade stiffness degeneration 根據既有鋼筋混凝土橋梁的受力特點和損傷程度，采用兩種方法：即《規范》法分析理論和分級剛度退化非線性分析理論，分別建立了既有鋼筋混凝土橋梁正截面強度計算和承載能力評定的計算分析模型。

The objective function is the cost of anti - slide pile “ s per meter ; the constraint conditions are the strength of anti - slide pile “ s normal section and inclined section , the ratio of reinforcing design and the size of section in the design code ; the design variables are the height of section , the area of reinforcement and the amount of hoop . and the optimization model is solved by 0 . 618 method 本文提出的優化設計方法，以樁單位長度的總造價為目標函數，以規范對單筋梁的正、斜截面強度，配筋率及截面尺寸等要求為約束條件，以樁截面高度，抗彎縱筋面積，抗剪箍筋數量等為設計變量，來建立優化模型，并用0 . 618法進行求解。

The main contents are followed below : ( 1 ) for the aim of knowing the characteristics of main factory building structure frame columns of large - scale thermal power plants , nine high strength concrete frame columns with high axial compression ratio and six slender ordinary strength concrete frame columns with high axial compression ratio were tested under low reversed cyclic horizontal loading for the very first time , and thus the influencing factors of normal section bearing capacity , such as concrete intensity grade , axial compressive ratio , slendemess ratio , the type of stirrups and stirrup ratio , etc , the anti seismic deformation capability of frame columns were acquired 本文主要研究的內容有： ( 1 )首次針對火電廠主廠房結構框架柱的特點，對9個高軸壓比高強混凝土框架柱和6個高軸壓比普通混凝土框架長柱進行了低周反復水平加載試驗，獲得混凝土等級、軸壓比、長細比、配箍形式及配筋率等對框架柱的抗彎及抗剪承載力、抗震變形能力的影響因素。

By experimental research of sixteen reinforced concrete beams , this thesis validates the feasibility and efficiency of the method strengthening rc beams by gluing angle steels , and the calculation formulas of the bearing capacity of normal section and short - dated rigidity of beams are deduced 本文通過對16根鋼筋混凝土梁的受彎試驗研究，驗證了采用在梁底粘貼角鋼進行加固這一加固技術的適用性和有效性，并推導了其正截面承載力及短期剛度的計算公式。

According to the basic theory of the cement concrete and the properties of polypropylene fiber , the calculating formulas about beam for the normal section load _ carrying capacity and rigidity and ductibility are presented based on “ the design code of concrete structure “ ( gb50010 - 2002 ) 參照普通砼的基本理論，結合聚丙烯纖維砼的性能特點，在《規范》的基礎上得到了單筋矩形截面梁正截面承載力、剛度和延性的計算公式，并與試驗結果對比吻合較好。